Index

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X

A

access control

data encryption, 6.2.2

enforcing, 5.2.1

Oracle Label Security, 6.5.1

administrative accounts

about, 3.2.1

access, 5.2.2

passwords, 3.6

predefined, listed, 3.2.1

administrators

privileges for listener.ora file, 5.2.2

restricting access of, 6.6

separation of duty, 6.6.1

ANONYMOUS user account, 3.2.1

ANY system privilege, protecting data dictionary, 2.3.2

APEX_PUBLIC_USER user account, 3.2.2

application contexts

Oracle Virtual Private Database, used with, 6.4.1

ASMSNMP user account, 3.2.1

audit files

archiving and purging, 7.6.3

operating system file, writing to, 7.4.2

audit records

types, 7.3

viewing, 7.3

audit trail

DB setting, 7.4.2

XML file output, 7.4.2

auditing

about, 7.1

DDL statements, 7.4.4

default security setting, modified by, 7.4.3

DML statements, 7.4.4

fine-grained auditing, 7.1

guidelines, security, 7.6

historical information, 7.6.3

keeping information manageable, 7.6.2

monitoring user actions, 7.1

privilege audit options, 7.4.5

reasons to audit, 7.2

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

requirements, 7.4.3

suspicious activity, 7.6.4

viewing audit records, 7.3

where recorded, 7.3

authentication

client, 5.2.1

remote, 5.2.1, 5.2.1

strong, 3.7

AUTHID CURRENT USER invoker's rights clause, 4.5.2.5

B

BFILE files

restricting access, 2.4

BI user account, 3.2.3

C

client connections

stolen, 5.2.1

client guidelines, 5.2.1

configuration files

listener.ora

administering listener remotely, 5.2.2

sample, 5.2.2

CONNECT role, privilege available to, 4.3

connections

securing, 5.2

SYS user, 4.2

CREATE ANY TABLE statement, 4.2

CREATE DATABASE LINK statement, 4.3

CREATE EXTERNAL JOB privilege

default security setting, modified by, 2.2

CREATE SESSION statement, 4.3

CREATE TABLE statement, auditing, 7.4.4

CTXSYS user account, 3.2.1

D

data definition language

auditing, 7.4.4

data dictionary

about, 2.3.1

securing, 2.3.2

data dictionary views

DBA_USERS, 3.7

DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD, 3.5

data files

restricting access, 2.4

data manipulation language, auditing, 7.4.4

database

checking compatibility, 6.2.4.1

database accounts

See user accounts

Database Configuration Assistant

auditing by default, 7.4.3

default passwords, changing, 3.6

Database Control

See Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

DBA_USERS data dictionary view, 3.7

DBA_USERS_WITH_DEFPWD data dictionary view, 3.5

DBCA

See Database Configuration Assistant

DBSNMP user account

about, 3.2.1

passwords, default, 3.6

default passwords

administrative accounts, using with, 3.6

importance of changing, 3.5

default permissions, 2.4

default security settings

about, 2.2

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

networks, addressing, 5.2.2

E

encryption

about, 6.2.1

algorithms, described, 5.3.2

components, 6.2.1

data transfer, 5.2.2

network, 5.3

network traffic, 5.2.2

reasons not to encrypt, 6.2.2

reasons to encrypt, 6.2.2

Enterprise Edition, 3.7

errors

checking trace files, 4.5.2.5

WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND exception example, 4.5.2.5

examples

user session information, retrieving with SYS_CONTEXT, 6.4.2.4

F

files

audit

archiving, 7.6.3

DoS attacks, recommendations, 7.4.2

configuration, 5.2.2

listener.ora, 5.2.2

restrict listener access, 5.2.2

restricting access, 2.4

symbolic links, restricting, 2.4

fine-grained auditing, 7.1

firewalls

Axent, 5.2.2

CheckPoint, 5.2.2

Cisco, 5.2.2

database server, keeping behind, 5.2.2

Firewall-1, 5.2.2

Gauntlet, 5.2.2

guidelines, 5.2.2

Network Associates, 5.2.2

PIX Firewall, 5.2.2

Raptor, 5.2.2

supported

packet-filtered, 5.2.2

proxy-enabled, 5.2.2

FLOWS_30000 user account, 3.2.2

FLOWS_FILES user account, 3.2.2

FTP service

disabling, 5.2.2

G

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES privilege, 2.3.2

guidelines for security

auditing

audited information, managing, 7.6.2

database activity, typical, 7.6.3

default auditing, 7.6.1

client connections, 5.2.1

database activity, suspicious, 7.6.4

network connections, 5.2.2

operating access to database, 2.4

operating system accounts, limiting privileges, 2.4

operating system users, limiting number of, 2.4

Oracle home default permissions, disallowing modifying of, 2.4

Oracle Label Security policies, planning, 6.5.2

passwords

administrative, 3.6

creating, 3.4

management, enforcing, 3.7

privileges, granting, 4.2

PUBLIC role, privileges, 4.4

roles, granting to users, 4.3

run-time facilities, granting permissions to, 2.5

symbolic links, restricting, 2.4

H

HR user account, 3.2.3

I

identity theft

See security attacks

initialization parameters

AUDIT_FILE_DESTINATION, 7.7

AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS, 7.7

AUDIT_SYSLOG_LEVEL, 7.7

AUDIT_TRAIL, 7.7

configuration related, 2.6

default security, modified by, 2.2

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS, 3.8

installation related, 2.6

MAX_ENABLED_ROLES, 4.6

modifying, 2.6.1

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY

about, 2.6

data dictionary, protecting, 2.3.2

default setting, 2.3.2

setting in Database Control, 2.3.2

OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX, 5.4

OS_ROLES, 4.6

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME, 3.8

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME, 3.8

PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME, 3.8

PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX, 3.8

PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME, 3.8

REMOTE_LISTENER, 5.4

REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT, 5.2.1, 5.4

REMOTE_OS_ROLES, 4.6, 5.4

SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGIN, 3.8

SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS, 3.8

SEC_RETURN_SERVER_RELEASE_BANNER, 2.6

SQL92_SECURITY, 4.6

invoker's rights, 4.5.2.5

IP addresses

falsifying, 5.2.2

IX user account, 3.2.3

K

Kerberos authentication

password management, 3.7

L

LBACSYS user account, 3.2.1

least privilege principle, 4.2, 4.2

listener

not an Oracle owner, 5.2.2

preventing online administration, 5.2.2

restrict privileges, 5.2.2, 5.2.2

secure administration, 5.2.2

listener.ora file

administering remotely, 5.2.2

online administration, preventing, 5.2.2

log files

restricting access, 2.4

M

MDDATA user account, 3.2.2

MDSYS user account, 3.2.1

MGMT_VIEW user account, 3.2.1

monitoring

See auditing

multiplex multiple-client network sessions, 5.2.2

multitier environments, auditing, 7.4.6

My Oracle Support

about, Preface

user account for logging service requests, 3.2.2

N

Net8 network utility

See Oracle Net

network activity

auditing, 7.4.8

network authentication services, 3.7

smart cards, 3.7

token cards, 3.7

X.509 certificates, 3.7

network encryption

about, 5.3.1

components, 5.3.1

configuring, 5.3.2

network IP addresses, 5.2.2

network security

Denial of Service attacks, addressing, 5.2.2

guidelines for clients, 5.2.1

nondatabase users, 6.4.1

O

object privileges, 4.2

OE user account, 3.2.3

OLAPSYS user account, 3.2.1

operating system access, restricting, 2.4

operating system account privileges, limiting, 2.4

operating system users, limiting number of, 2.4

operating systems

compromised, 5.2.1

default permissions, 2.4

Oracle Advanced Security

authentication protection, 3.7

network traffic encryption, 5.2.2

Oracle Connection Manager

firewall configuration, 5.2.2

Oracle Database Vault

about, 6.6.1

components, 6.6.1

registering with database, 6.6.2.1.1

regulatory compliances, how meets, 6.6.1

tutorial, 6.6.2

Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control

about, 1.3

starting, 2.3.2

Oracle home

default permissions, disallowing modifying of, 2.4

Oracle Java Virtual Machine (OJVM), 2.5

Oracle Label Security (OLS)

about, 6.5.1

compared with Oracle Virtual Private Database, 6.3

components, 6.5.1

guidelines in planning, 6.5.2

how it works, 6.5.1

registering with Oracle Database, 6.5.3.1

tutorial, 6.5.3

used with Oracle Virtual Private Database, 6.3

Oracle MetaLink

See My Oracle Support

Oracle Net

encrypting network traffic, 5.3.2

firewall support, 5.2.2

Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD)

about, 6.4.1

advantages, 6.4.1

application contexts, 6.4.1

compared with Oracle Label Security, 6.3

components, 6.4.1

tutorial, 6.4.2

used with Oracle Label Security, 6.3

ORACLE_OCM user account, 3.2.2

ORDDATA user account, 3.2.1

ORDPLUGINS user account, 3.2.1

ORDSYS user account, 3.2.1

OUTLN user account, 3.2.1

OWBSYS user account, 3.2.1

P

passwords

administrative, 3.6

administrative user, 3.6

changing, 3.5

complexity, 3.7

default security setting, modified by, 2.2

default user account, 3.5

history, 3.7

length, 3.7

management, 3.7

management rules, 3.7

SYS user, 3.6

SYSTEM user, 3.6

passwords for security

requirements, 3.4

permissions

default, 2.4

run-time facilities, 2.5

PM user account, 3.2.3

principle of least privilege, 4.2, 4.2

privileges

about, 4.1

audited when default auditing is enabled, 7.4.3

auditing, 7.4.5, 7.4.5

CREATE DATABASE LINK statement, 4.3

system

ANY, 2.3.2

SYSTEM and OBJECT, 4.2

using proxies to audit, 7.4.6

PUBLIC role, revoking unnecessary privileges and roles, 4.4

R

remote authentication, 5.2.1, 5.2.1

REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT initialization parameter, 5.2.1

roles

CONNECT, 4.3

create your own, 4.3

job responsibility privileges only, 4.3

root file paths

for files and packages outside the database, 2.5

run-time facilities, restricting permissions, 2.5

S

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

auditing requirements, 7.4.3

schema objects, auditing, 7.4.7

SCOTT user

about, 3.2.3

restricting privileges of, 4.3

sec_admin example security administrator

creating, 4.5.2.1

removing, 7.5.5

secure application roles

about, 4.5.1

advantages, 4.5.1

components, 4.5.1

invoker's rights, 4.5.2.5

tutorial, 4.5.2

user environment information from SYS_CONTEXT SQL function, 4.5.2.5

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

administering listener remotely, 5.2.2

security administrator

example of creating, 4.5.2.1

removing sec_admin, 7.5.5

security attacks

applications, 5.2.1

client connections, 5.2.1

Denial of Service, 5.2.2

eavesdropping, 5.2.1

falsified IP addresses, 5.2.1

falsified or stolen client system identities, 5.2.1

network connections, 5.2.2

security tasks, common, 1.2

SELECT ANY DICTIONARY privilege

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES privilege, not included in, 2.3.2

sensitive data

Oracle Label Security, 6.5.1

Oracle Virtual Private Database, 6.4.1

secure application roles, 4.5.1

separation of duty concepts, 4.5.2.1

separation-of-duty principles

about, 6.6.1

Oracle Database Vault, 6.6.2.2

session information, retrieving, 6.4.1

SH user account, 3.2.3

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA user account, 3.2.1

smart cards, 3.7

SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR user account, 3.2.2

SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR user account, 3.2.2

SQL statements

audited when default auditing is enabled, 7.4.3

auditing, 7.4.4

using proxies to audit, 7.4.6

SQL*Net network utility, 5.2.2

standard auditing

about, 7.4.1

auditing by default, 7.4.3

enabling or disabling audit trail, 7.4.2

in multitier environment, 7.4.6

network activity, 7.4.8

privileges, 7.4.5

proxies, 7.4.6, 7.4.6

schema objects, 7.4.7

SQL statements, 7.4.4

tutorial, 7.5

strong authentication, 3.7

symbolic links, restricting, 2.4

SYS user account

about, 3.2.1

password use, 3.6

SYS_CONTEXT SQL function

example, 6.4.2.4

validating users, 4.5.2.5

SYS.AUD$ database audit trail table

about, 7.4.2

DB (database) option, 7.5.1

DB, EXTENDED option, 7.4.2

XML, EXTENDED option, 7.4.2

SYSMAN user account

about, 3.2.1

password use, 3.6

passwords, default, 3.6

SYS-privileged connections, 4.2

system administrator

See administrative accounts, security administrator

system identities, stolen, 5.2.1

system privileges, 4.2

ANY, 2.3.2

SYSTEM user account

about, 3.2.1

password use, 3.6

T

tablespaces

encrypting, 6.2.4.4.2

TCP ports

closing for ALL disabled services, 5.2.2

TCPS protocol

Secure Sockets Layer, used with, 5.2.2

TDE

See transparent data encryption

TELNET service, disabling, 5.2.2

TFTP service

disabling, 5.2.2

token cards, 3.7

trace files

checking for errors, 4.5.2.5

restricting access, 2.4

transparent data encryption

about, 6.2.3

advantages, 6.2.3

components, 6.2.3

configuring, 6.2.4

how it works, 6.2.3

performance effects, 6.2.3

storage space, 6.2.3

table columns

checking in database instances, 6.2.5.3

checking individual tables, 6.2.5.2

encrypting, 6.2.4.4.1

tablespaces

checking, 6.2.5.4

tablespaces, encrypting, 6.2.4.4.2

wallets, 6.2.4.2

troubleshooting

checking trace files, 4.5.2.5

tutorials

Oracle Database Vault, 6.6.2

Oracle Label Security, 6.5.3

Oracle Virtual Private Database, 6.4.2

secure application roles, 4.5.2

standard auditing, 7.5

U

UDP ports

closing for ALL disabled services, 5.2.2

user accounts

about, 3.1

administrative user passwords, 3.6

default, changing password, 3.5

expiring, 3.3

finding information about, 3.7

locking, 3.3

password requirements, 3.4

predefined

administrative, 3.2.1

non-administrative, 3.2.2

sample schema, 3.2.3

securing, 3

unlocking, 3.3

user accounts, predefined

ANONYMOUS, 3.2.1

APEX_PUBLIC_USER, 3.2.2

ASMSNMP, 3.2.1

BI, 3.2.3

CTXSYS, 3.2.1

DBSNMP, 3.2.1

DIP, 3.2.2

EXFSYS, 3.2.1

FLOWS_30000, 3.2.2

FLOWS_FILES, 3.2.2

HR, 3.2.3

IX, 3.2.3

LBACSYS, 3.2.1

MDDATA, 3.2.2

MDSYS, 3.2.1

MGMT_VIEW, 3.2.1

OE, 3.2.3

OLAPSYS, 3.2.1

ORACLE_OCM, 3.2.2

ORDDATA, 3.2.1

ORDPLUGINS, 3.2.1

ORDSYS, 3.2.1

OUTLN, 3.2.1

OWBSYS, 3.2.1

PM, 3.2.3

SCOTT, 3.2.3, 4.3

SH, 3.2.3

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA, 3.2.1

SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR, 3.2.2

SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR, 3.2.2

SYS, 3.2.1

SYSMAN, 3.2.1

SYSTEM, 3.2.1

WK_TEST, 3.2.1

WKPROXY, 3.2.1

WKSYS, 3.2.1

WMSYS, 3.2.1

XDB, 3.2.1

XS$NULL, 3.2.2

user session information, retrieving, 6.4.1

V

valid node checking, 5.2.2

views

See data dictionary views

Virtual Private Database

See Oracle Virtual Private Database

VPD

See Oracle Virtual Private Database

vulnerable run-time call, 2.5

made more secure, 2.5

W

wallets

closing, 6.2.4.3

creating, 6.2.4.1

with transparent data encryption, 6.2.4.2

WK_TEST user account, 3.2.1

WKPROXY user account, 3.2.1

WKSYS user account, 3.2.1

WMSYS user account, 3.2.1

X

X.509 certificates, 3.7

XDB user account, 3.2.1

XS$NULL user account, 3.2.2