1 Getting Started

1.1 The Oracle Database Environment-Definition File

Every Oracle Database utility and product under BS2000/OSD uses an Oracle Database environment-definition file, which is referred to as ORAENV. You must generate this file before you use the Oracle Database products as it contains a number of Oracle Database environment variables. These Oracle Database environment variables describe the operating environment for the Oracle Database and utilities. The section "Generating the Environment-Definition File" explains how to create the file.

If you do not generate the ORAENV file, then the default values are used for all environment variables. In some cases, there are no default values for environment variables, such as for ORASID. If you start an Oracle Database program or utility without first generating the ORAENV file, then you will not be able to connect to the Oracle Database.

The ORAENV file is a text file that has the format of a BS2000 command procedure. The command procedure calls itself using the /SET-FILE-LINK ORAENV, filename command. Each line contains an Oracle Database environment variable and its assigned value. When reading this file, Oracle Database ignores all lines that have a slash symbol (/) or asterisk symbol (*) in column one.

/CALL-PROCEDURE DEMO.P.ORAENV

/SET-PROC-OPT DATA-ESCAPE=*STD                                    
/DECL-PAR (SYSCMD(INI-VAL='DEMO.P.ORAENV'))
/       REMARK * SYSCMD must be name of this file
/       WRITE-TEXT '                                            '
/       WRITE-TEXT ' +----------------------------------------+ '
/       WRITE-TEXT ' I  Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2)  I '
/       WRITE-TEXT ' I           environment setup            I '
/       WRITE-TEXT ' +----------------------------------------+ '
/       WRITE-TEXT '                                            '
/       SET-FILE-LINK ORAENV,&SYSCMD
/       SET-FILE-LINK ORALOAD,$ORAC1120.ORALOAD.LIB
/       SET-FILE-LINK ORAMESG,$ORAC1120.ORAMESG.LIB
/&*     MOD-SDF $ORAC1120.SYSSDF.ORACLE.USER
/&*     *** if SYSOUT protocol is desired set BGJOUT='KEEP' ***
/&*     SET-VAR BGJOUT='DEL'
/       EXIT-PROCEDURE
**  parameters for users:
*
ORAUID=/BS2/$ORAC1120
ORASID=DEMO
NLS_LANG=German_Germany.D8BS2000
* PRINTPAR=
/END-PROCEDURE

1.2 The ORALOAD Library

The ORALOAD library ($ORAC1120.ORALOAD.LIB by default) is required for starting Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) programs. Oracle Database uses this library to dynamically load executables when required. The ORALOAD library must be identified by the link name ORALOAD prior to calling Oracle Database programs. You get a BLS (BS2000 loader) error message, if the link name is missing. The ORALOAD link name is set when the ORAENV procedure is called. Another library, the ORAMESG library ($ORAC1120.ORAMESG.LIB by default) is required for Oracle messages. This library is assigned the link name ORAMESG in the ORAENV procedure.

1.3 Starting Oracle Utilities with BS2000 SDF commands

Before you start Oracle Database products, you must call the environment-definition file, as described in Section 1.1.2, "Calling the Environment-Definition File".

Start the Oracle Database programs and utilities by entering a START-PROGRAM command with the program name at the BS2000 command prompt (/). Specify the options and operands as the first data-input line when the data prompt (*) is displayed, as shown in the following example:

/START-PROGRAM $ORAC1120.program_name
CCM0001 enter options:
* [option_switch] [arguments] 

where:

program_name is the name of the program or utility to be started

option_switch is one or more of the program-dependent optional switches. If this is used, then the switch is preceded by a dash (-).

arguments are one or more operands of the program (or utility), or the user ID and password combination, or both.

/START-PROGRAM $ORAC1120.SQLPLUS
* /NOLOG
SQL> CONNECT SYS / AS SYSDBA
Enter password: password 

As soon as the program is loaded, the CCM0001 prompt is displayed to let you enter the command line options. As shown in the preceding examples, you can enter the option_switch or arguments for the program. The prompt of the program is then displayed, which in the case of SQL*Plus, is SQL>. You can now enter one of the commands of the program. Refer to the generic documentation for the product for a description of the valid commands.

Alternatively you can start the Oracle Database utilities with the following BS2000 SDF command:

/START-EXECUTABLE ($ORAC1120.ORALOAD.LIB,program_name)

For example, if you want to start SQL*Plus, then enter the command:

/START-EXECUTABLE ($ORAC1120.ORALOAD.LIB,SQLPLUS)

1.4 Starting Oracle Utilities in UNIX-Style

You can also start the utilities with the following commands:

/START-ORACLE-CMMIGR            or     /CMMIGR
/START-ORACLE-EXPORT            or     /OEXP
/START-ORACLE-EXPDP             or     /EXPDP
/START-ORACLE-IMPORT            or     /OIMP
/START-ORACLE-IMPDP             or     /IMPDP
/START-ORACLE-LISTENER-CONTROL  or     /LSNRCTL
/START-ORACLE-MKWALLET          or     /MKWALLET
/START-ORACLE-SQLLOADER         or     /SQLLDR
/START-ORACLE-SQLPLUS           or     /SQLPLUS
/START-ORACLE-TNSPING           or     /TNSPING
/START-ORACLE-RMAN              or     /RMAN

Parameters can be specified after the start command (in quotation marks, if the parameters contains equal to (=) or blanks). Before you start the utility, activate the MOD-SDF command in the ORAENV file and call the ORAENV file.

Example:

/sqlplus
/lsnrctl stop
/oimp 'system/manager file=iea buffer=210000 ignore=y grants=y rows=y
full=y commit=y'

1.5 Starting Oracle Utilities in the POSIX environment

Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 on Fujitsu BS2000/OSD, you can run utilities like SQL*Plus not only in the normal BS2000 environment, but also in the POSIX environment.

During the installation of the Oracle Database software the utilities are installed within the POSIX file system in the directory oracle_home_path/bin. Before starting Oracle utilities in the POSIX shell, you must set the environment variable ORACLE_HOME and extend the environment variable PATH by the pathname of the Oracle directory oracle_home_path/bin. For example:

$ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/orac1120/product/dbhome
$ export ORACLE_HOME
$ PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
$ export PATH

Alternatively you can execute the profile oracle_home_path/.profile.oracle that is created during the installation of the Oracle Database software under POSIX. This profile sets and expands the most important variables like ORACLE_HOME and PATH. Execute the profile as follows:

$ . /u01/app/orac1120/product/dbhome/.profile.oracle

Set the variable ORACLE_SID to start an Oracle utility for a specific Oracle instance. Additional instance-specific parameters that are defined in the related BS2000 ORAENV file, may be set in the POSIX environment or by accessing the BS2000 ORAENV file.

Utilities running in the POSIX shell provide the opportunity to read instance-specific variables from the ORAENV file in the BS2000 file system. To provide access to the BS2000 ORAENV file, you must create a file named oraenvsid in the oracle_home_path/dbs directory. This file contains the full qualified BS2000 filename of the BS2000 ORAENV file. It acts like a link to the ORAENV file in the BS2000 file system.

For example, if you want to access the ORAENV file $ORADATA.ORCL.P.ORAENV, then you must create a oraenvORCL file in the oracle_home_path/dbs directory as follows:

$ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/orac1120/product/dbhome
$ export ORACLE_HOME
$ echo '$ORADATA.ORCL.P.ORAENV' > $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/oraenvORCL
$ chmod 664 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/oraenvORCL

If an Oracle utility uses the BEQ protocol to connect to a database, then Oracle Net Services will get the job parameters for the start of a dedicated server in the BS2000 environment from the BGJPAR variable. If this variable is not specified, then Oracle Net Services will use default values.

While using the BEQ protocol, it is recommended that particular BS2000 job parameters are defined for BS2000 jobs started by Oracle Net Services. The BGJPAR variable provides the option to define these parameters. You can define this variable either in the related BS2000 ORAENV file or by explicitly setting it in the POSIX environment to the appropriate value.

For example, if a bequeathed server task should be assigned to a special JOB-CLASS, then set the BGJPAR variable in the POSIX environment as follows:

$ ORACLE_SID=orcl
$ export ORACLE_SID
$ BGJPAR='START=SOON,CPU-LIMIT=NO,JOB-CLASS=JCBORA,LOGGING=*NO'
$ export BGJPAR

You can start the utilities in the same way as on other UNIX systems, such as for SQL*Plus, using the following commands:

$ sqlplus /nolog
$ SQL> connect / as sysdba

1.6 Connecting to an Oracle Instance

You can connect to an Oracle instance in the following ways:

• Using Oracle Net Services with the Bequeath adapter (Refer to the "Oracle Net Services" chapter in Oracle Database Installation and Administration Guide for Fujitsu BS2000/OSD)

• Using Oracle Net Services over TCP/IP or IPC

Check with the database administrator to see whether you can connect to the Oracle database using the listed methods, as the possibilities available are dependent on how the system has been configured. Usually, you specify the way you connect to an Oracle instance as part of the logon string appended to the userid/password, and separated from it by an at sign (@), as illustrated in the following sections.

/START-PROGRAM $ORAC1120.SQLPLUS
* userid/password@service_name

HR/HR@SERVERX

1.7 Using BS2000 Files for Input and Output

In most cases, Oracle Database for BS2000/OSD programs use the functions of the C-BS2000 run-time system to access their input and output files. Oracle Database programs can read and write SAM, ISAM, and PAM files.